Brinztech Alert: Database of Moodle Instance is on Sale ($400)

Dark Web News Analysis

A threat actor on a known cybercrime forum is advertising the alleged sale of a Moodle database for $400. The seller claims it is a “fresh database” and provides sample previews confirming the presence of sensitive fields like usernames, hashed passwords, email addresses, phone numbers, and physical addresses.

Brinztech Analysis: This listing is highly credible given the severe threat landscape for Moodle in late 2025.

• The Vector (Likely SQLi): The data format (SQL database) strongly suggests the attacker exploited a specific vulnerability to dump the backend. The most probable culprit is CVE-2025-26533, a critical SQL Injection vulnerability in Moodle’s course search module disclosed earlier this year. If unpatched, this flaw allows attackers to extract the entire database without authentication.
• Alternative Vector (RCE): Another possibility is the exploitation of CVE-2025-3641, a Remote Code Execution flaw in the Dropbox repository integration. This would allow an attacker to gain server access and exfiltrate the database file directly.
• Context: This sale follows a massive credential stuffing campaign detected in August 2025, where botnets targeted Moodle login pages globally. This “fresh” database may be the result of a successful compromise from that wave, or a new, targeted breach of a specific institution.

Key Cybersecurity Insights

This alleged data breach presents a critical threat to the educational sector:

• Credential Reuse and Account Takeover: The availability of hashed passwords (even if salted) is dangerous. Students and faculty notoriously reuse passwords across personal and institutional accounts. Attackers will use this data for credential stuffing against university portals, email systems, and library services.
• Targeting Educational Sector Users: Moodle is the backbone of e-learning for thousands of schools and universities. A breach here endangers minors (students) and staff, exposing them to harassment, doxxing, or targeted fraud.
• Potential for Phishing and Social Engineering: The extensive PII (names, departments, institutions) allows attackers to craft highly convincing spear-phishing emails. For example, they could send fake “Exam Reschedule” or “Tuition Payment” notices that reference the victim’s real department or courses.
• Confirmed Data Breach: The public sale of a structured SQL dump is strong evidence of a successful compromise. This is not just a “scrape” of public data; it is a theft of internal records.

Mitigation Strategies

In response to this claim, educational institutions using Moodle must take immediate action:

• Patching (Critical Priority): Verify that your Moodle instance is patched against CVE-2025-26533 (SQLi) and CVE-2025-3641 (RCE). These are the most likely entry points for a database dump.
• Mandatory Password Reset: Enforce a global password reset for all users. Invalidating the stolen hashes is the only way to neutralize the immediate threat of account takeover.
• Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Enable MFA for all users, especially administrators and faculty. This prevents attackers from using stolen credentials to log in.
• Forensic Analysis: Check your web server logs for suspicious SQL queries (e.g., UNION SELECT) or unexpected file uploads in the moodledata directory to determine if your specific instance was the source of the leak.

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